Suez Canal
Qanāt al-Sūwais
( Connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea)
The
Suez Canal (
Arabic:
قناة السويس
Qanāt al-Sūwais) is an artificial sea-level waterway in
Egypt, connecting the
Mediterranean Sea and the
Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows
transportation by water between
Europe and
Asia without navigation around
Africa. The northern terminus is
Port Said and the southern terminus is
Port Tawfiq at the city of
Suez.
Ismailia lies on its west bank, 3 km (1.9 mi) from the half-way point.
When first built, the canal was 164 km (102 mi) long and 8 m (26 ft)
deep. After multiple enlargements, the canal is 193.30 km (120.11 mi)
long, 24 m (79 ft) deep and 205 metres (673 ft) wide as of 2010.It consists of the northern access
channel of 22 km (14 mi), the canal itself of 162.25 km (100.82 mi) and the southern access channel of 9 km (5.6 mi).
The canal is single lane with passing places in the "Ballah By-Pass" and the
Great Bitter Lake. It contains no
locks;
seawater flows freely through the canal. In general, the canal north of
the Bitter Lakes flows north in winter and south in summer. The current
south of the lakes changes with the tide at Suez.
The canal is owned and maintained by the
Suez Canal Authority(SCA) of Egypt. Under international treaty, it may be used "in time of
war as in time of peace, by every vessel of commerce or of war, without
distinction of flag."